Voice change (Part-01)

Voice হচ্ছে ক্রিয়ার প্রকাশভঙ্গি যার মাধ্যমে বোঝা যায় যে কোন বাক্যের subject কাজটি করছে/করেছে/করবে নাকি কাজটি subject দ্বারা করা হচ্ছে/হয়েছে/হবে।

Voice is the way of expressing verbs which describes whether the subject does the work or it has been done by the subject.

Types of voice:

Voice দুই প্রকারঃ

• Active voice
• Passive voice

Active voice:

যে sentence-এ ‍ subject নিজে সক্রিয়ভাবে কাজটি করে সেই sentence-এ verb-এর active voice হয়।

The sentence in which the subject does the work by himself actively in that sentence the verb has an active voice.

Sentence Structure:

Subject + Verb + Object

Example:

• I write articles.

Passive voice:

যে sentence-এ ‍ subject নিজে সক্রিয়ভাবে কাজটি করে না বরং object-এর কাজটি তার দ্বারা করা হয় সেই sentence-এ verb-এর passive voice হয়।

The sentence in which the subject does not do the work by himself actively rather the object’s work is done by the subject in that sentence the verb has passive voice.

Sentence Structure:

Object + be verb+ verb’s past participle + by+ subject

Example:

• Articles are written by me.

Voice-কে active থেকে passive করার নিয়মগুলো নিচে বর্ণিত হল:

Rule 1:

a. Active voice-এর subject passive voice-এর object-এ রূপান্তরিত হয়।

Active voice’s subject is changed to passive voice’s object.

b. Active voice-এর object passive voice-এর subject-এ রূপান্তরিত হয়।

Active voice’s object is changed to passive voice’s subject.

c. মূল verb-এর past participle ব্যবহৃত হয় এবং auxiliary verb/ be verb নির্বাচন করা হয় subject এবং tense অনুযায়ী ।

Main verb’s past participle is used, and auxiliary verb/ be verb is chosen according to subject and tense.

Example:I

 write poems. (Active)

 Poems are written by me. (Passive)

• Rule 2:

⇒ Indefinite tense-এর ক্ষেত্রে passive voice-এর structure:

a. Present- Object’s subject+ am/is/are+ Verb’s past participle+ by+ subject’s object

Example:

• She praises me. (Active)
• I am praised by her. (Passive)
• I praise her. (Active)
• She is praised by me. (Passive)

b. Past- Object’s subject+ was/were+ Verb’s past participle+ by+ subject’s object

Example:

• She praised me. (Active)
• I was praised by her. (Passive)
• She praised them. (Active)
• They were praised by her. (Passive)

c. Future- Object’s subject+ shall be/will be+ Verb’s past participle+ by+ subject’s object

Example:

• She will praise me. (Active)
• I shall be praised by her. (Passive)
• She will praise him. (Active)
• He will be praised by her. (Passive)

⇒ Continuous tense-এর ক্ষেত্রে passive voice-এর structure:

a. Present- Object’s subject+ am being/is being/are being+ Verb’s past participle+ by+ subject’s object

Example:

• She is praising me. (Active)
• I am being praised by her. (Passive)
• She is praising him. (Active)
• He is being praised by her. (Passive)
• She is praising them. (Active)
• They are being praised by her. (Passive)

b. Past- Object’s subject+ was being/ were being+ Verb’s past participle+ by+ subject’s object

Example:

• She was praising me. (Active)
• I was being praised by her. (Passive)
• She was praising them. (Active)
• They were being praised by her. (Passive)

c. Future- Object’s subject+ shall be being/will be being+ Verb’s past participle+ by+ subject’s object

Example:

• She will be praising me. (Active)
• I shall be being praised by her. (Passive)
• She will be praising them. (Active)
• They will be being praised by her. (Passive)

⇒ Perfect tense-এর ক্ষেত্রে passive voice-এর structure:

a. Present- Object’s subject+ has been/ have been+ Verb’s past participle+ by+ subject’s object

Example:

• She has praised him. (Active)
• He has been praised by her. (Passive)
• She has praised me. (Active)
• I have been praised by her. (Passive)

b. Past- Object’s subject+ had been+ Verb’s past participle+ by+ subject’s object

Example:

• She had praised me. (Active)
• I had been praised by her. (Passive)

c. Future- Object’s subject+ shall have been/ will have been+ Verb’s past participle+ by+ subject’s object

Example:

• She will have praised me. (Active)

1. I shall have been praised by her. (Passive)

• She will have praised him. (Active)
• He will have been praised by her. (Passive)

Rule 3:

May/might/can/could/must/ought to/going to-যুক্ত Sentence-এর ক্ষেত্রে passive voice-এর structure:

Object’s subject+ may/might/can/could/ must/ought to/going to+ be+ Verb’s past participle+ by+ subject’s object

Example:

• You must write the poem. (Active)
• The poem must be written by you. (Passive)
• She may help you. (Active)
• You may be helped by her. (Passive)
• We ought to obey our parents. (Active)
• Our parents ought to be obeyed by us. (Passive)
• We are going to organize a party. (Active)
• A party is going to be organized by us. (Passive)

Rule 4:

Imperative Sentence-এর ক্ষেত্রে passive voice-এর structure:

a. Main verb দিয়ে শুরু হওয়া Sentence-এর ক্ষেত্রে-

Let+ Object’s subject + be+ verb’s past participle

Example:

• Write the article. (Active)
• Let the article be written. (Passive)
• Prepare the assignment. (Active)
• Let the assignment be prepared. (Passive)

b. “Do not” দিয়ে শুরু হওয়া Sentence-এর ক্ষেত্রে-

Let not + Object’s subject + be+ verb’s past participle

Example:

• Do not write the article. (Active)
• Let not the article be written. (Passive)
• Do not prepare the assignment. (Active)
• Let not the assignment be prepared. (Passive)

c. Sentence “Let” দিয়ে শুরু হলে এবং এর পর personal object যেমন: me/us/him/her/you/them থাকলে-

Let+ Object’s subject + be + verb’s past participle+ personal object

Example:

• Let me write the article. (Active)
• Let the article be written by me. (Passive)
• Let him write the letter. (Active)
• Let the letter be written by him. (Passive)

d. “Never” দিয়ে শুরু হওয়া Sentence-এর ক্ষেত্রে-

Let not + Object’s subject + ever be + verb’s past participle

Example:

• Never deceive anyone. (Active)
• Let not anyone ever be deceived. (Passive)
• Never go there. (Active)
• Let not there ever be gone. (Passive)

e. Sentence main verb দিয়ে শুরু হলে এবং এর পর personal object যেমন: me/us/him/her/you/them থাকলে-

Let+ direct object + be+ verb’s past participle + for + personal object

Example:

• Give me a pencil. (Active)
• Let a pencil be given for me. (Passive)
• Give me an eraser. (Active)
• Let an eraser be given for me. (Passive)